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The Wuhan Metro is an elevated and underground urban metro system in the city of Wuhan, Hubei, China, operated by the Wuhan Metro Co., Ltd. The system began its operation on July 28, 2004 with the completion of a ten-station long elevated rail between Huangpu Road and Zongguan,〔(Chinese) ("武汉轻轨今迎第1亿名乘客" ''荆楚网-楚天都市报'' ) Apr. 9, 2011〕 making Wuhan the fifth city in mainland China to have a metro system after Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Guangzhou.〔(English) ("Urbanrail--Wuhan'' ) Apr. 9, 2011〕 Line 1 is the first Metro line in China to have been wrongly referred to as a light rail (轻轨, ''qing gui'') system in Chinese terminology.〔Wuhan, along with other three Chinese cities, has been the first batch to be approved to build so-called "light rail" system in China since 2000, see (2000年，国家批准长春、大连、武汉和重庆4个城市为首批轻轨建设示范城市。 ). However, Changchun built a true light-rail system, Dalian built a metro-style commuter rail system (and is referred to as "kuai-gui 快轨", not "qing-gui 轻轨"), and Chongqing opted for a monorail system, whereas Wuhan was the only one to build an elevated metro system. See ("Urbanrail--Wuhan'' ) and affiliated Wikipedia pages. See also a comment from He Jibin, an Urban Planning official from Wuhan Municipality: "Do not assume only underground lines are metro, Line 1 is also a type of metro..." (“不要认为地下的才是地铁，1号线也是地铁的一种方式……”何继斌开门见山地纠正概念，他是武汉市国土规划局交通市政处处长……) 〕 As of 2014, there are three lines in operation, totaling 78 stations and in length. The daily ridership of Wuhan Metro ranges from 1,000,000 to 1,500,000.〔(Official Weibo Account of Wuhan Metro, registration needed. )〕〔()〕 Wuhan Metro has planned to pursue ambitious expansion projects to connect Wuhan's three boroughs divided by the mighty Yangtze River and Han River, accommodate increasing cross-borough traffic, and provide commuter services to suburban satellite cities. In 2017, seven urban transit lines and two suburban lines, totaling a length of 273.1 km (169.7 mi), are expected to serve the city of Wuhan, connecting the three boroughs separated by the Yangtze River and the Han River and sprawling to booming suburban districts. A long-term plan expects the Wuhan Metro to operate 25 lines, including 12 urban lines and 13 suburban lines, totaling a length of 1045 km (649.3 mi), making it one of the most expansive rail transit systems in the world. ==History== Preliminary studies of urban rail transit system were prompted by the city shortly after a Belgian Railways delegation visit in 1984. Following the demolishment of old Beijing-Hankou Railway, the city of Wuhan planned to utilize the corridor to construct the city's first rapid transit rail line. In September 1992, the Wuhan Metro Construction Group was ordered and established by Wuhan Municipal Construction Commission, and a supervision group, led by the mayor Qian Yunlu, was subsequently formed in 1993 to facilitate the project's funding, designing, logistics, and organization. Yet, the prototype remained for seven years before the city was able to fund construction. In October 1999, the National Planning Commission (Predecessor to National Development and Reform Commission) approved the Wuhan "Light Rail" project (Line 1, phase 1), signaling the substantive inception of the rail transit project. On October 2, 2000, the Wuhan Municipal Government ratified the establishment of Wuhan Rail Transit Co., Ltd., and leased construction, operation, administration and related real estate development to the corporation. In December 2000, the National Planning Commission accepted feasibility report to the project and approved construction on phase 1 of Line 1. On December 23, 2000, the project broke ground and comprehensive construction began. In 2002, with the anticipation of economic boom and increasing demand for urban rail transit, Wuhan Municipal Government approved the city's first long-term rail transit master plan. On July 28, 2004, the ten-station long "Light Rail" opened to public and entered revenue service in August. However, low ridership has discouraged the city from funding the extension project which broke ground on December 15, 2005, and a 4-year reprieve in construction ensued. In April, 2006, the NDRC ratified a six-year construction/operation plan, but it was not until a year later on April 9, 2007 that NDRC accepted the feasibility report to Line 1, phase 2 (the extension project) and approved construction on the project. In the interim, construction began on the Fanhu Station of the fully underground Line 2 on November 16, 2006, as a response to the six-year plan adopted by NDRC earlier. Construction also began on the underground Line 4 stations of Wuchang Railway Station in June, and Wuhan Railway Station in September, as parts of the integral capital project to revamp and construct the Wuhan Railway Hub. In May 2007, the Hubei Provincial Development and Reform Commission (HDRC) approved preliminary designs on the Line 1, phase 2, and comprehensive construction subsequently commenced in June. On May 15, the city government approved the establishment of Wuhan Metro Co., Ltd., which would replace the Wuhan Rail Transit Co., Ltd and assume its responsibilities and benefits. On September 12, 2007, the NDRC accepted the feasibility report to Line 2, phase 1, and preliminary designs were approved by the HDRC in December 2007. However, it was not until September 2008 that land purchases and funding were facilitated and comprehensive construction began to take place. In October 2009, the Yangtze River tunnel drilling incepted. On March 13, 2009, the NDRC accepted feasibility report to Line 4, phase 1. On May 13, 2009, the HDRC ratified preliminary designs on Line 4, phase 1. Comprehensive construction ensued on the Wuchang segment of Line 4. A more ambitious urban rapid transit plan was submitted for NDRC review in October, 2009, and in late November, on-site panel investigations were conducted by China International Engineering Consulting Corporation. In February 2010, Wuhan Metro's first commercial property topped out in No.1 Hanxi Road station. On July 29, Line 1 phase 2 entered revenue service from Dijiao to Dongwu Boulevard. Despite plans to extend the westernmost terminus to Jinshan Avenue in Dongxihu District, the station was never built. A short stub with crossover tracks was constructed behind Dongwu Boulevard. Zhuyehai, a station in Qiaokou District, remained non-operational in spite of the existence of complete platforms. Neither exits nor staircases were built yet. Its opening date is pending upon IKEA Wuhan's completion in late 2014.〔轻轨二期增设竹叶海站 http://hb.qq.com/a/20090531/000131.htm〕 A revised and more detailed construction plan was accepted by the NDRC on January 31, 2011. The plan specified the city's plan to complete construction on Line 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8 before 2017. Beginning on March 1, Line 1 subdivided its fare zones from 3 to 5 and lowered maximum fare from 5 CNY / ride to 4 CNY / ride. Wuhan Tong cardholders will receive a 20 percent discount on single ride fares.〔武汉轻轨票价下调 http://www.hb.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2011-03/03/content_22188105.htm〕 On April 9, Line 1 welcomed its 100,000,000th customer, who was awarded a one-year pass to the Metro.〔武汉轻轨客流量今日突破1亿 http://news.cnxianzai.com/2011/04/324488.html〕 On September 9, preliminary designs on Line 4, phase 2 (Hanyang segment) was approved by HDRC. On February 17, 2012 the NDRC accepted feasibility report to Line 3, phase 1, making it the fourth line in Wuhan Metro's grid, and first to cross Han River, connecting the boroughs of Hankou and Hanyang. Feasibility report to Line 6--the second Hankou-Hanyang connection—was also approved by the NDRC on December 21, 2012. Seven days later, Line 2 entered revenue service, connecting some of the most populated areas of Hankou, Wuchang, and Optics Valley. On April 12, 2013, the NDRC granted acceptance to feasibility report of Line 8, phase 1, which connects Hankou and Wuchang via Second Yangtze River Bridge corridor. Construction began in June 2013 and is expected to complete in 2017. On December 28, 2013, Phase 1 of Line 4 went into operation, making it the third line in the Wuhan Metro system.〔(Section one of Metro Line 4 opens )〕 On September 17, 2014, Zhuyehai Station on Line 1 has opened.〔(轻轨竹叶海站宜家联廊桥投入使用 (Zhuyehai Station opened) )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Wuhan Metro」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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